Digital Transformation and Educational Disadvantage in Greek Schools: School Leaders' Perspectives Based on a Secondary Analysis of PISA 2022 Data

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of digital device use policies in Greek schools through secondary analysis of PISA 2022 data. It examines the extent to which these policies are applied and their relationship with school characteristics (e.g., public/private status, presence of students facing educational disadvantage). It also explores how these policies relate to the broader school context within the Greek educational system. The results indicate significant disparities among Greek schools; digital device use policies are implemented unevenly, while private schools display higher levels of digital readiness. The findings are expected to contribute to the policy-making discussion on the use of digital tools in formal education and to highlight strategies that may help reduce educational inequalities in Greece.